The city of Livingstone in Zambia is named after David Livingstone, the famous Scottish congregationalist, pioneer medical missionary, and explorer with the London Missionary Society. Livingstone was the first European to see the nearby waterfalls in November 1855, which he subsequently named Victoria Falls in honor of Queen Victoria. The town was established in 1905 because of its proximity to the falls and its location on the newly built railway crossing the Zambezi River. It served as the capital of Northern Rhodesia from 1907 to 1935. Unlike many other African colonial-era cities that were renamed after independence (for example, Salisbury becoming Harare), Livingstone retained its name as a tribute to the explorer's historical legacy and his relatively positive reputation in the region compared to other colonial figures. Today, the name is synonymous with the gateway to one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, serving as a hub for adventure tourism and historical research into the exploration of the African continent.