Why is Lake Erie so blue?

Cyanobacteria blooms (blue-green algae) are a frequent occurrence in the Great Lakes, particularly in Lake Erie, Green Bay, and Saginaw Bay. These blooms may cause fish kills and discolored or foul-smelling water, affecting both human and ecosystem health.



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The major sources of phosphorus reductions were phosphorus outputs at wastewater plant discharges; eliminating phosphorous from laundry detergent; and no-till farming practices. Because of the phosphorus reductions, our Lake became much more clear and clean.

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The pollution process was exacerbated by water flowing into the lake from various industrial cities. Detroit was home to factories that dumped acids, iron and oil wastes into the river that flowed into Lake Erie at its Western end. Runoffs from Cleveland farms carried wastes into the lake from its Southern end.

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Dead Zones This stratification of lake water is due to the different densities of water with temperature change. The bacterial activity increases as dead algae and other materials settle to the bottom of the lake. Since the hypolimnion is much smaller than the upper layers, the oxygen can be depleted during the summer.

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Although small in volume, Lake Erie is a thriving, productive environment.

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Lake Erie has an astonishing 2,000-plus shipwrecks which is among the highest concentration of shipwrecks in the world. Only about 400 of Lake Erie's wrecks have ever been found. There are schooners, freighters, steamships, tugs and fishing boats among them.

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Why is Lake Erie so important? Erie is the most biologically productive and diverse of all the Great Lakes due to its warm shallow waters. Alongside this astounding biodiversity, more than 11 million people get their drinking water from the Lake Erie watershed.

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The lake was also an important strategic defense because of possible British invasion from the North. The Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River offered avenues of assault if the British controlled them, making Lake Erie a vital link in America's plans to win the war.

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Here are some interesting Lake Erie facts.
  • Lake Erie's shoreline touches the most states. ...
  • It's one of the smallest of the Great Lakes. ...
  • Smallest by volume, but not by surface area. ...
  • Lake Erie is well connected. ...
  • There is a sea monster in Lake Erie. ...
  • The Battle of Lake Erie was over Detroit.


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The water is drinkable and the amount of toxic chemicals has declined. “There's good news, but it is coupled with the sobering reality that we have significant problems that linger,” said Brian Smith, associate executive director of Citizens Campaign for the Environment.

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Keeping Lake Erie alive: A four-point plan to tackle algae blooms
  1. Harnessing market forces to help farmers reduce nutrient runoff.
  2. Building water smart cities and cultivating water smart citizens.
  3. Improving scientific understanding of algal blooms and their implications.
  4. Creating a policy framework that drives action.


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Today, Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake that sustains significant Pacific salmon populations, though salmon still swim—and get caught—in Huron, Superior, Ontario, and even Erie.

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CLEVELAND, Ohio -- You can't see across Lake Erie to Canada. (Well, occasionally, on hot spring days a temperature inversion allows you to see a hazy image of land, 50 miles across the water.)

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With a mean surface height of 570 feet (170 metres) above sea level, Erie has the smallest mean depth (62 feet) of the Great Lakes, and its deepest point is 210 feet.

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Lake Erie occupies a basin that was carved out of Earth's crust over millions of years by rivers and glaciers. The oldest rocks from which the basin was carved are about 400 million years old and formed in a tropical ocean reef environment.

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