Lake temperatures are largely driven by interactions with the atmosphere, so colder air temperatures lead to colder lake temperatures, according to the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL).
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We can thank lake breezes for these cooler temperatures. Lake breezes develop when the land becomes warmer than the water. The warm air over land rises, and gets replaced by the relatively cool air which resides immediately above the lake surface.
It's all part of what makes weather, the unequal heating of the Earth's surface. That is why over the next couple of months you will hear us often say, “cooler by the lake.” Then again, as boaters and people who enjoy our beautiful waters know, it is always cooler by the lake.
When water cools down to 0 degrees Celsius (0°C), ice begins to form and floats on top of warmer water; water at the bottom of a lake or river is typically 4°C (if it is not frozen). During the summer, the opposite occurs as warmer water floats on top of colder water. Many factors can affect water temperature.
During the early morning hours, the land and the water start out at roughly the same temperature. On a calm morning, a given pressure surface will be at the same height above both the land and water. A few hours later, the sun's energy begins to warm the land more rapidly than the water.
Rain may have a cooling effect on the lake surface by lowering the near-surface air temperature, by the direct rain heat flux into the lake, by mixing the lake surface layer through the flux of kinetic energy and by convective mixing of the lake surface layer.
Most lakes and ponds don't completely freeze because the ice (and eventually snow) on the surface acts to insulate the water below. Our winters aren't long or cold enough to completely freeze most local water bodies. This process of lakes turning over is crtically important to the life in the lake.
The thunderstorm is powered by the updraft which takes in warm and moist air – this is the fuel for a storm. When the storm encounters a large body of water like an ocean or the Great Lakes, they take in cooler air which can weaken the updraft and dissipate the storm.
Some people live by a lake because they love to bask on beaches, boat, camp, fish, hike, hunt, and swim. Or they love to go off-roading on ATVS, dirt bikes, or 4-wheel drives, take part in watersports, or hang out at party coves or the boat-in party restaurants and bars.
A lake has turned over when water temperatures are the same from the surface to the bottom. The process can take days or even months to complete, depending on lake shape and depth, and air and water temperatures.