Why is the Hoover Dam drying up?

But the climate change-fueled drought and overuse of the Colorado River's water is pushing Lake Mead lower and threatening the dam's hydroelectricity production. Declining water flow has cut the dam's power generation capacity almost in half – around 1,076 megawatts – as of June.



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If Lake Mead were to run out of water, the Hoover Dam would no longer be able to generate power or provide water to surrounding cities and farms. The Colorado River would essentially stop flowing, and the Southwest would be in a major water crisis.

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Key Points. Lake Mead has dropped by 70% due to droughts in the West and it will take many years to refill again, naturally. The reservoir is vitally important to millions of people as a source of water, electricity, and recreation.

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Lake Mead has dropped by 70% due to droughts in the West and it will take many years to refill again, naturally. The reservoir is vitally important to millions of people as a source of water, electricity, and recreation.

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Dead pool conditions would mean the end of all electric production, as well as water, from the Colorado River. Electricity would not just be the only thing lost. Without Lake Mead, Las Vegas would lose access to 90 percent of its water sources.

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The Dam Future While the dam is expected to last for centuries, engineers predict the structure could last for more than 10,000 years, surpassing most remnants of human civilization if humans were to disappear from the earth.

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Downriver towns and major cities would see the most damage, in the event of the dam's physical collapse. Water flows would engulf many towns and growing cities around Mohave county, including Laughlin, Nevada; Needles, California; Lake Havasu, Arizona; and even as far south as Yuma, Arizona, and San Luis Rey, Colorado.

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Officials have warned that dead pool could be reached by 2025, if the lake continues drying up at the rate it is currently.

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D.J. Jenner, the owner of Las Vegas Scuba, who has been observing the lake for years, told Impact that the water levels have gone down roughly 40 feet since he started his business. There's still plenty of water out here for people to come out and enjoy the lake, but it is going down pretty quickly, he said.

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It supplies about 25 million people with water in Boulder City, Las Vegas, North Las Vegas, and Henderson, all Nevada's cities. In addition to cutting off water supplies for homes and businesses in the area, a dam collapse would destroy all the irrigation water supplies for farms in the Imperial Valley.

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Rising temperatures due to climate change have sapped more than 10 trillion gallons of water from the Colorado River over the last two decades, enough water to completely fill Lake Mead from top to bottom, according to a recent study from researchers at UCLA.

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As crazy as it sounds, engineers say the idea is technically feasible. It would involve building a system of dams and pipelines to move the water uphill across multiple states over the Continental Divide. Gravity would then work in our favor to drop the water down to the Colorado River watershed.

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There are a number of things that can be done to save Lake Mead. These include: Implementing water conservation measures, such as using low-flow toilets and showerheads, watering plants only when necessary, and fixing leaks. Reusing water wherever possible, such as using greywater for irrigation and flushing toilets.

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Outlining their latest projections for Lake Powell and Lake Mead, the nation's two largest reservoirs, federal water managers said there is a risk Lake Mead could reach “dead pool” levels in 2025. If that were to happen, water would no longer flow downstream from Hoover Dam.

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But Joseph Stevens, author of “Hoover Dam: An American Adventure,” says he doesn't think a project like the Hoover Dam would get off the ground if it were attempted today. “Worker safety rules and environmental impact assessments would make the Hoover Dam too expensive.”

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With intervening flows between Lake Powell and Lake Mead of 1.32 maf in CY 2023, Lake Mead's physical elevation is projected to be 1,065.42 feet on December 31, 2023. The WY 2023 unregulated inflow into Lake Powell in the August Probable Maximum inflow scenario is 13.75 maf, or 143% of average.

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Tourism on the Colorado River is a $9 billion-a-year industry, but that will drop off a cliff with fewer options for rafting, fishing, and boating. Many of the canals and branches from the Colorado River that channel drinking water would also run dry. Arizona gets more than one-third of its water from the river.

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