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Why is the Tube so warm?

Source of the heat The heat in the tunnels is largely generated by the trains, with a small amount coming from station equipment and passengers. Around 79% is absorbed by the tunnels' walls, 10% is removed by ventilation, and the other 11% remains in the tunnels.



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Wear light clothing. Even if you think you might need to wear a jacket, when you are on the hot Tube, it's likely you'll want to take it off immediately. Heavy, dark, thick clothing will make you more likely to sweat, and hold on to the sweat your body does produce – keeping you hot and clammy for longer.

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Temperatures on the Underground have slowly increased as the clay around the tunnels has warmed up; in the early days of the Underground it was advertised as a place to keep cool on hot days. However, over time the temperature has slowly risen as the heat sink formed by the clay has reached its thermal capacity.

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The Victoria line runs faster trains than other Underground lines because it has fewer stops, ATO running and modern design. Train speeds can reach up to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h).

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Some people can find self-relaxation in breathing exercises, or stimming behaviours like tapping or rubbing, and Chris also recommends timing your journeys appropriately. For instance, if you get anxious about being trapped underground for long periods of time in an overcrowded carriage, avoid the Central line at 6pm.

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The Metropolitan line is the oldest underground railway in the world. The Metropolitan Railway opened in January 1863 and was an immediate success, though its construction took nearly two years and caused huge disruption in the streets.

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It is easier and safer to dig at depth in London because of the nature of the soil and to avoid other infrastructure and the Thames. It also may result from the fact that London is quite hilly and trains don't like going up hills, so the tube goes through the hill.

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Conventional air conditioning was initially ruled out on the deep lines because of the lack of space for equipment on trains and the problems of dispersing the waste heat these would generate. Different systems were proposed to cool Underground trains, including the use of large blocks of ice inside the train.

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'According to studies, the London Underground is higher in particulate matter due to wheel, track and brake abrasion, producing predominantly iron-rich particles so small that they are often not picked up in regular air quality tests.

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