North of the River Thames, London is mainly built on clay, which is better for digging tunnels. South of the Thames, the conditions are poorly suited for tunnelling with marshy and wet soil - especially between Waterloo and London Bridge.
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There are five London boroughs (Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Kingston upon Thames and Sutton) which have never been served by the Underground system.
'The Underground chose to run extensions into the open semi-rural districts to the north instead, where they'd have less competition and sell more tickets,' says Murphy. So the lack of south London tube stations came about because, once upon a time, that side of the river was actually better connected.
Unfortunately there are no tube stations in Croydon itself – but this doesn't mean to say that there aren't links to the tube network from here! If you make the most of the fantastic Tramlink, you can travel to Wimbledon where the London Underground starts.
Whereas much of the foundation of North London is clay – almost perfect for tube tunnel building – south London largely sits on “Lambeth and Thanet Sand”, a flimsier substance that was more challenging to tunnel through before the days of leviathan boring machines like the one responsible for Crossrail.
Roding ValleyRoding Valley is London's least used tube station. Roding Valley is found on the central line. Roding Valley transports around the same number of passengers in 1 year, that London Waterloo does in 1 day.
Peckham Rye is unlikely to appear on the Tube map any time soon after TfL announced that extending the Bakerloo line to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road is its preferred option.
Whatever direction you're coming from –whether via car, tube or walk – you'll know you're reaching King's Cross St Pancras when traffic will start slowing down and you'll even have to queue to cross the road. As such, seeing it top the chart as London's most stressful station is certainly not a surprise.
Morden is a London Underground station in Morden in the London Borough of Merton. The station is the southern terminus for the Northern line and is the most southerly station on the Underground network, despite being on the Northern Line.
The London Underground is often called the Tube because of the shape of the tunnels. The London Underground is one of the oldest metro systems in the world, opening in 1863. When the Central Line Railway opened in 1900, it was called the Twopenny Tube, referencing the price of a ticket.
Oyster cardsYou can pay as you go to travel on bus, Tube, tram, DLR, London Overground, most Elizabeth line, IFS Cloud Cable Car and Thames Clippers River Bus services. You can also travel on most National Rail services in London and some outside London. You can also add: Travelcard.
2) Shipping - in the 18th/19th century London was the busiest port in the world - therefore building bridges was impossible as they would have interrupted trade. 3) Lack of demand - traditionally East London has been much poorer and sparsely populated than West London - so there was no need for river crossings here.