The Staten Island Ferry became permanently free on July 4, 1997, primarily as a matter of political and economic equity for Staten Island residents. Unlike the other four boroughs, which are connected by multiple free bridges and tunnels (like the Brooklyn Bridge), Staten Islanders had no free way to travel to Manhattan by foot or car. The city determined that the ferry served as a "floating extension" of the highway system and that charging a fare was an unfair "tax" on the borough's commuters. Additionally, when the MTA introduced the free MetroCard transfer between buses and subways in 1997, Staten Islanders complained that they were still paying two fares (one for the ferry and one for the subway). To level the playing field, Mayor Rudy Giuliani eliminated the 50-cent fare. Today, the ferry is funded by the NYC Department of Transportation and serves as a vital, free lifeline for over 22 million passengers a year.