Why is train smoke white?

The white smoke produced is typically pure steam, which is ideal for a steam locomotive since the engine is not wasting any energy. Brown smoke typically arises from the smokestack when poor-quality fuel is used. These fuels may be low-grade coal or even wood.



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The chimney (smokestack or stack in American and Canadian English) is the part of a steam locomotive through which smoke leaves the boiler. As well, steam locomotive exhaust systems typically vent cylinder steam exhaust through the chimney, to enhance the draught through the boiler.

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The steam is exhausted through a nozzle and up through the smokebox into the stack. This action produces the “chuff chuff” sound heard when the locomotive is moving. A draft or vacuum results, pulling air through the firebox grates to induce combustion of the coal.

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Trains make fresh air break stops about every 4 hours where passengers can get off and smoke. These stops last about 15 minutes and provide enough time to smoke and stretch your legs.

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The steam generated in the boiler not only moves the locomotive, but is also used to operate other devices such as the whistle, the air compressor for the brakes, the pump for replenishing the water in the boiler and the passenger car heating system.

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