The Airbus A380 is often considered a "commercial failure" because it was designed for a "hub-and-spoke" model that the aviation industry largely abandoned. Airbus bet that passengers would fly in small planes to mega-hubs and then board massive A380s to cross oceans. However, by the time the A380 took flight, the market had shifted toward "point-to-point" travel. Passengers preferred flying directly between smaller cities on smaller, ultra-efficient twin-engine planes like the Boeing 787 or Airbus A350. With four massive engines, the A380 was incredibly expensive to fuel and maintain; unless every one of its 500+ seats was filled, it was often a money-loser for airlines. Additionally, its enormous size required airports to spend millions on infrastructure upgrades, limiting the routes it could fly. Production ceased in 2021 as airlines pivoted toward smaller, more flexible, and greener aircraft.