Mayday voice codeWith the development of audio radio transmitters, there was a need for a spoken distress phrase, and Mayday (from French m'aider help me) was adopted by the 1927 International Radio Convention as the spoken equivalent of SOS.
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After the first distress call, Robert Hunston started this message log. Titanic's shipboard time was 1 hour and 50 minutes ahead of Eastern Standard Time which was used at Cape Race. Titanic first used the distress call CQD, later adding the new code, SOS.
Pan-Pan, short for “possible assistance needed,” is used to communicate an urgent, but not emergency, situation over VHF radio, in the case of aviation, to air traffic control. Examples could include a recreational pilot getting lost, or perhaps needing to climb to a higher altitude to sort a problem out.
Titanic sank at approximately 2:20 a.m. on April 15, 1912, claiming the lives of 1,500 passengers. With the Californian stopped in the ice before any SOS messages were sent from the Titanic, the ship didn't see the sinking liner's calls for help until dawn, hours after they'd been sent.