Why would an airport have a circling only approach?

Typically, circling only approaches are designed for one of the following reasons: The final approach course alignment with the runway centerline exceeds 30°. The descent gradient is greater than 400 ft/NM from the FAF to the threshold crossing height (TCH).



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In aviation, the rule of three or 3:1 rule of descent is a rule of thumb that 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) of travel should be allowed for every 1,000 feet (300 m) of descent. For example, a descent from flight level 350 would require approximately 35x3=105 nautical miles.

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