Travelers who need to transfer from one terminal to the other use the light rail transit service. Trains operate 24 hours a day between terminals. No fare is required between airport stations. There is no pedestrian access between the buildings.
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If your itinerary was purchased as one ticket (as in: you have only one itinerary and one confirmation number), and the connection time was too short and you miss the second (or third) flight, you can rest easy, no matter what happens. The airline will simply put you onto the next available flight, free of charge.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection - Terminal 2Please allow sufficient time to locate customs and get your carnet validated should the location of customs change due to conditions beyond our control.
An enclosed walkway connects the Departures Level of Terminal 1 with the Arrivals Level of Terminal 2. Once you pass through security in both terminals, you are within a common departures area, and you can freely walk between the shopping areas and boarding gates across both terminals.
STL Airport provides a free Terminal Shuttle which runs 24 hours a day between Exit 12 at both terminals. There is no route to walk between terminals at this time. Shuttle ride time is approximately 10 minutes, as Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 are just over one mile apart.
Terminal Loop Shuttle – runs between Terminals 1 and 2 daily from 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. To learn more about where to pick up our Terminal Loop Shuttle, watch our video.
As stated by the other posters - people connect domestic/domestic at MSP with 40-60 minutes all the time, each and every day - and have zero issues. You can physically get from gate to gate in 5 minutes or less in most cases.
The problem with a 30 minute connection at MSP (or anywhere) is that gate agents for most airlines, will begin closing out flights 15 minutes before departure. So, you really have 15 minutes and your margin for error is razor thin, especially if you land a few minutes late or it takes extra time to deboard the plane.
Overall, passengers usually have to re-clear security for connecting flights, though there may be some exceptions depending on the airport and flight itinerary. To make this process easier, checking with the airline or airport ahead of time is recommended.
When you're connecting from an international flight to a domestic one, you'll always have to exit and reenter security as you'll need to go through customs and immigration (unless you have gone through preclearance aboard, which is rare).