Egyptian men do not often wear shorts, but they are perfectly fine for a male tourist to wear. Aside from beachside resort cities, it is not recommended for female tourists to ever wear shorts in Egypt.
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Both men and women are free to wear shorts to visit the pyramids.
A shirt/t-shirt with a pair of loose pants would be ideal. Capri pants, maxi dresses, or even shorts would work too, as long as the shorts are cut long (knee length). Dresses or skirts are fine… unless you are planning on riding a horse or camel!
Light fabrics like linen, cotton and athletic gear made to take the heat are best. Just remember to cover up from your shoulders to below the knee. While women are expected to dress more conservatively than men, even the fellas should leave the short shorts and tight singlets at home.
Men can wear typical Western wear (pants or shorts). That said, Egyptians prefer “smart dress” (e.g., khakis and polo-type shirts). Women should not wear shorts. I'd suggest loose-fitting linen pants (as climbing pyramids etc is not conducive to skirts).
Don't show the soles of your feetYou'll notice that Egyptians often remove their shoes, not only when visiting the mosque, but also when entering a private house or Bedouin tent. However, when sitting barefoot, tuck your feet under or beside you. It's considered rude to point any part of your feet at someone.
The looser your clothes are, the better. Form-fitting clothing can be just as poorly received as exposed skin. Packing a couple of tunics and long-sleeved shirts that you can slip over the top of your outfits is also a good idea for easy layering in more conservative areas.
In the resorts like Sharm El Sheik, Hurghada, Sinai, etc. -- shorts are fine and it is very open and flexible. This also applies to ladies for the beach areas, but going into the market area in Hurghada, for example you may be more comfortable in trousers.
Just remember to cover up from your shoulders to below the knee. While women are expected to dress more conservatively than men, even the fellas should leave the short shorts and tight singlets at home. Also, avoid packing anything in white.
Go with a flowing maxi dress to stay cool during daytime events. Knee-length or longer dresses are fine to wear during the day. The flowy material of a maxi dress can help keep you cool in the desert heat, too. You could also try a midi dress or skirt.
Egyptian women will sometimes wear either normal clothes when swimming, or a specific swimsuit that covers their hair and skin. For shoes, women often wear sandals or tennis shoes. Flip flops are worn in the home only (they are considered like a house slipper).