Yes, you can bring luggage when using a Japan Rail (JR) Pass, but there are strict rules for oversized baggage on specific Shinkansen (bullet train) lines. As of 2026, if your luggage's total dimensions (length + width + height) are between 160 cm and 250 cm, you are required to make a specific "Oversized Baggage" reservation. This reservation is free for JR Pass holders but must be made in advance to secure a seat in the back row of the carriage, where the designated storage space is located. If you bring oversized bags without a reservation, you will be charged a 1,000 yen fee on the train and may be asked to move to a different car. Luggage with total dimensions under 160 cm (standard large suitcases) can be stored on the overhead racks without a reservation. Bags over 250 cm are generally not permitted on the trains at all. For travelers with multiple large bags, it is highly recommended to use Japan’s world-class "Takuhaibin" (luggage forwarding) services, which can deliver your bags from hotel to hotel for a small fee, allowing you to travel through the stations hands-free.