Whether you must clear customs for a connecting flight in 2026 depends on if your trip is on a single "interline" ticket or two separate bookings. If you booked two separate tickets on different airlines, you are almost always required to clear immigration, collect your bags, and go through customs to "re-enter" the check-in area for your next flight. This requires a valid visa or entry permit for the transit country. However, if your flights are with "partner" airlines (like United and Lufthansa) on a single booking, your bags are usually checked through to the final destination, and you can stay in the "International Transit" area without passing through customs. In 2026, many European hubs also enforce the Entry/Exit System (EES), meaning even if you don't collect bags, you might still need a quick biometric check if your connection involves moving between the "Schengen" and "non-Schengen" zones of the airport.