Whether you go through TSA security during a layover depends on your point of origin and destination. If you are on a domestic flight within the U.S. and stay within the "secure airside" area of the terminal, you generally do not have to go through TSA again. However, if your layover involves changing terminals that are not connected behind security, you will have to exit, take a shuttle, and clear TSA again. The biggest exception is international arrivals. If you land in the U.S. from a foreign country (even if you are just transiting to another international destination), you must clear Customs and Border Protection (CBP). After clearing customs, you are in the "public" area of the airport and must re-clear TSA security to get back to the gates. The only common exception to this is if you are coming from a "Preclearance" airport (like those in Canada or Ireland), where you clear U.S. customs before departure, allowing you to land in the U.S. as a domestic passenger and skip the mid-trip security check.