Because both Spain and France are members of the Schengen Area, there are generally no fixed passport controls at their shared land borders in 2026. This means you can typically drive or take a train between the two countries without stopping for a formal immigration check. However, you are legally required to carry a valid ID (a passport for non-EU citizens or a national ID card for EU citizens) at all times. In 2026, "temporary border checks" have become more common due to security concerns or major events, and police have the right to conduct random spot checks. Furthermore, if you are flying between Spain and France, the airline will require your passport or ID to verify your identity during boarding. Additionally, for non-EU travelers, the new ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorisation System) must be linked to your passport, as it is checked digitally upon your first entry into the Schengen zone, ensuring you have the right to move freely between these neighboring nations.