Airports and airlines verify a child's age primarily through government-issued identification, with the specific requirements depending on the flight's destination. For international travel, a valid passport is mandatory for every passenger, regardless of age, and serves as the primary verification tool. For domestic travel (especially for "lap infants" under age 2), airlines typically require a certified birth certificate or a passport to prove the child is eligible for free or discounted travel. In 2026, many airlines also accept immunization records or a digital ID for infants. If a child is traveling with only one parent or a legal guardian, border agents may also verify the relationship using a notarized consent letter from the non-traveling parent to prevent international parental abduction. For "Unaccompanied Minors" (usually ages 5–14), airlines use a specific manifest and require the adult dropping them off to show a valid photo ID and stay at the gate until the plane has departed, ensuring a documented chain of custody throughout the journey.