Maglev trains work on the principle of magnetic repulsion between the cars and the track. The word maglev is actually a combination of the words “magnetic” and “levitation.” The magnetic levitation, or floating of the train, is achieved through the use of an electrodynamic suspension system, or EDS.

A bullet train, or Shinkansen, runs using advanced electric propulsion and aerodynamic engineering. Unlike traditional trains, bullet trains operate on dedicated high-speed tracks that are built without sharp curves and are entirely separated from road traffic. Power is supplied via overhead catenary wires, which the train collects through a roof-mounted pantograph. This electricity powers traction motors distributed throughout the train, allowing for rapid acceleration and high sustained speeds (often exceeding 300 km/h). In 2026, many newer models use active suspension and tilting mechanisms to maintain speed while navigating turns smoothly. Safety is managed by an Automatic Train Control (ATC) system, which eliminates the need for trackside signals and can automatically slow or stop the train if necessary. Some experimental versions use Maglev (magnetic levitation) technology, where the train "floats" above the track to eliminate friction, but the majority of global networks still rely on highly refined wheel-on-rail technology.