Walkable, bikable, transit-oriented communities are associated with healthier populations. People in such communities are more physically active, have less weight gain, have lower rates of traffic injuries, and are less exposed to air pollution.

Transportation serves as a critical "social determinant of health" by providing essential access and promoting physical activity. First, robust transit systems enable "active transportation" like walking and cycling, which are proven to reduce risks of obesity, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. Second, reliable public transport and road networks provide the "lifeline" for people to reach medical appointments, pharmacies, and grocery stores with fresh, healthy food—aspects of life that are vital for both physical and mental well-being. Furthermore, modern improvements in transportation infrastructure, such as safer pedestrian crossings and dedicated bike lanes, significantly reduce the rate of motor-vehicle-related injuries and fatalities. In 2026, the shift toward electric and low-emission vehicles is also directly improving public health by reducing air and noise pollution, which are major contributors to respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular stress in urban environments. Essentially, a well-planned transport system doesn't just move people; it builds a healthier, more active, and less polluted society.