Unlike air travel, you do not need to arrive hours early for a Trenitalia train. For high-speed trains like the Frecciarossa, arriving 20 to 30 minutes before departure is sufficient. This gives you enough time to find your platform (binario), which is usually announced on the digital display boards only about 10–15 minutes before the train pulls in. If you are departing from a major hub like Roma Termini or Milano Centrale, which are massive, allow 30–45 minutes to navigate the crowds and security gates. For regional trains, you can often arrive just 10 minutes before. However, if you have not purchased your ticket in advance, allow extra time for the kiosks or ticket windows. Crucially, if you have a physical regional paper ticket, you must validate it in the small green or yellow machines on the platform before boarding; high-speed digital tickets with a specific seat assignment do not require validation.