How far away can an alternate airport be?

Not more than one hour from the departure airport at normal cruising speed in still air with one engine inoperative. (2) Aircraft having three or more engines. Not more than two hours from the departure airport at normal cruising speed in still air with one engine inoperative.



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It's called the 3-2-1 rule, and it's the easiest way to remember the regulation. To recap, if the weather at your destination isn't at least 3 SM of visibility and 2000' AGL ceilings from 1 hour before to 1 hour after your ETA, you need to file an alternate.

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For aeroplanes with two engines, such an alternate must be within one hour's flight time at the one-engine-inoperative cruising speed specified in the Aerodrome Operating Manual (AOM) or equivalent document and assuming the aircraft mass is the actual mass at take off and ISA and still-air conditions prevail.

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An airport may not be qualified for alternate use if the airport NAVAID is unmonitored, is Global Positioning System (GPS) based, or if it does not have weather reporting capabilities.

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Airports with alternate minimums that are not authorized are denoted on the approach chart with the “ ” designation and are not listed in this section. NA - means alternate minimums are not authorized due to unmonitored facility, absence of weather reporting service, or lack of adequate navigation coverage.

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Do pilots always walk-around the plane? Before each flight, in addition to the checks the engineers complete, one of the pilots will always conduct an exterior walk-around of the aircraft to ensure that they are happy with its condition.

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(1) A rest required under paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be scheduled for or reduced to a minimum of 8 hours if the flight crewmember is given a rest period of at least 10 hours that must begin no later than 24 hours after the commencement of the reduced rest period.

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The 40:1 surface is calculated out to 22.09 nautical miles from the runway end within an arc of 180° centered along the runway centerline extended. These requirements are part of FAR Part 77.23(a)(3). This is TERPS criteria. The standard aircraft departure climb gradient (CG) is 200 feet per nautical mile.

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ATC receives only your filed destination, not the alternate. This is why ATC has to ask where a pilot wants to divert. To give ATC a heads up on where you want to go, you can write it in the remarks section, which is transmitted to ATC.

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It is a fact that both the takeoff and landing phases have their own set of challenges. Some may argue that the landing phase of a flight requires more pilot skills; but based on experience, it is just the same for takeoff. The difficulties experienced by pilots during takeoff are technically the same during landing.

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The simple answer is yes, pilots do, and are allowed to sleep during flight but there are strict rules controlling this practice. Pilots would only normally sleep on long haul flights, although sleep on short haul flights is permitted to avoid the effects of fatigue.

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Needless to say, at least one pilot must always be awake and at the controls at all times. Controlled or bunk rest is more common on long haul flights that are scheduled to operate overnight, particularly when operating within the window of circadian low (around 4am to the time you are acclimatised to).

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Non-towered airports may lie inside or underneath controlled airspace. In that case, some or all aircraft arriving and departing require clearances from a remote air traffic control unit, such as terminal or center control, even though there is no control tower managing landings and takeoffs.

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Federal Aviation Administration Develops, operates and maintains a nationwide system of airways. Certifies the air worthiness of aircraft (including permissible noise level of jet engines) Licenses airports to operate (considering such factors as site, runways, crash equipment and other aspects for safe operation)

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Skiplagged deceives the public into believing that, even though it has no authority to form and issue a contract on American's behalf, somehow it can still issue a completely valid ticket. It cannot. Every 'ticket' issued by Skiplagged is at risk of being invalidated, the airline said.

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