How close must the takeoff alternate be?

For aeroplanes with two engines, such an alternate must be within one hour's flight time at the one-engine-inoperative cruising speed specified in the Aerodrome Operating Manual (AOM) or equivalent document and assuming the aircraft mass is the actual mass at take off and ISA and still-air conditions prevail.



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Not more than one hour from the departure airport at normal cruising speed in still air with one engine inoperative. (2) Aircraft having three or more engines. Not more than two hours from the departure airport at normal cruising speed in still air with one engine inoperative.

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It's called the 3-2-1 rule, and it's the easiest way to remember the regulation. To recap, if the weather at your destination isn't at least 3 SM of visibility and 2000' AGL ceilings from 1 hour before to 1 hour after your ETA, you need to file an alternate.

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The lowest routinely used takeoff visibility minimum is 600 feet RVR, which is about one-tenth of a mile. Pretty low. It's the lowest visibility typically used in simulator training for taxi and takeoff practice.

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An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.

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The easiest way to find if an airport has takeoff minimums is to look at an approach chart. On the FAA charts, you will see a black triangle with “T” in it which is often called the “troubled T.” It's troubling because there is something, most likely terrain, keeping pilots from executing a leisurely climb.

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Reportable values are RVR 6,000 feet or less. When it is determined from a reliable source that the indicated RVR value differs by more than 400 feet from the actual conditions within the area of the transmissometer, the RVR data is not acceptable and must not be reported.

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Single pilot operations An RVR of less than 800 m is not permitted except when using a suitable autopilot coupled to an ILS or MLS, in which case normal minima apply. The Decision Height applied must not be less than 1,25 x the minimum use height for the autopilot.

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The 40:1 surface is calculated out to 22.09 nautical miles from the runway end within an arc of 180° centered along the runway centerline extended. These requirements are part of FAR Part 77.23(a)(3). This is TERPS criteria. The standard aircraft departure climb gradient (CG) is 200 feet per nautical mile.

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