The construction of Grand Central Terminal in New York City, which opened in 1913, cost approximately $80 million at the time. When adjusted for inflation to 2026 dollars, this represents a staggering investment of roughly $2.5 to $3 billion. This massive expenditure was funded primarily by the New York Central Railroad, owned by the Vanderbilt family. The cost was driven by the unprecedented engineering feat of "undergrounding" the tracks and electrifying the entire system, which required excavating 3.2 million cubic yards of rock and soil. The terminal's lavish Beaux-Arts design—including the Tennessee marble floors, the iconic four-faced opal clock, and the celestial ceiling mural—contributed to the high price tag, as it was designed to be a "palace for the people." More recently, the "East Side Access" project, which brought Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) trains into a new concourse beneath Grand Central, cost over $11 billion, highlighting how modern infrastructure projects in Manhattan have become exponentially more expensive than the original 20th-century masterpiece.