No, Avios is a currency, whereas Oneworld is an airline alliance. Avios is the specific loyalty "currency" used by the International Airlines Group (IAG) for its member airlines, including British Airways, Iberia, Aer Lingus, and Qatar Airways. You earn and spend Avios to book reward flights. Oneworld, on the other hand, is a global partnership between 13+ major airlines, including British Airways, American Airlines, and Qantas. Because British Airways is a founding member of Oneworld, you can earn Avios when you fly on any other Oneworld member (like American or JAL) by simply providing your BA Executive Club number. Furthermore, you can use your Avios to "pay" for reward seats on those partner airlines. Think of Avios as the "money" in your wallet and Oneworld as the "network of stores" where that money is accepted. While they are closely linked, one is a points system and the other is a corporate alliance that allows for reciprocal benefits like lounge access and priority boarding.