Airports without weather reporting, or approaches with unmonitored approach equipment, can't be used as an alternate.
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An airport may not be qualified for alternate use if the airport NAVAID is unmonitored, is Global Positioning System (GPS) based, or if it does not have weather reporting capabilities.
Airports with alternate minimums that are not authorized are denoted on the approach chart with the “ ” designation and are not listed in this section. NA - means alternate minimums are not authorized due to unmonitored facility, absence of weather reporting service, or lack of adequate navigation coverage.
It's called the 3-2-1 rule, and it's the easiest way to remember the regulation. To recap, if the weather at your destination isn't at least 3 SM of visibility and 2000' AGL ceilings from 1 hour before to 1 hour after your ETA, you need to file an alternate.
Not more than one hour from the departure airport at normal cruising speed in still air with one engine inoperative. (2) Aircraft having three or more engines. Not more than two hours from the departure airport at normal cruising speed in still air with one engine inoperative.
This is the ol' 1-2-3 rule. There are a couple of gotchas. If your destination has no approach, an alternate is always required. Curiously, though, the alternate need not have an instrument approach if the weather allows a descent from MEA under basic VFR, assuming the airport isn't otherwise disqualified.
Two challenge rule:If the pilot does not respond to two demands (i.e. wave-off, wave-off!) take the controls. Avoid the sandbag syndrome and speak up when necessary.
In aviation, the rule of three or 3:1 rule of descent is a rule of thumb that 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) of travel should be allowed for every 1,000 feet (300 m) of descent. For example, a descent from flight level 350 would require approximately 35x3=105 nautical miles.
To check-in and check bags at the airport, you must be there a certain amount of time before scheduled departure: Within the U.S. – 45 minutes. To or from destinations outside the U.S. – 60 minutes.
The 80:20 rule means airlines need to use their take-off slots at least 80% of the time in order to retain them. A justified non-use provision will be retained to prevent airlines flying ghost flights.
Part 135 states that no certificate holder may operate a turbojet aircraft, or an aircraft for which two pilots are required for operations under VFR , if it has not previously operated such an aircraft in Part 135 operations in at least 25 hours of proving tests acceptable to the Administrator.