Class D airspace: No transponder is required unless otherwise specified by ATC (Pilots only require two-way radio communication in this class of airspace).
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Two-way radio communications and operational transponder are normally required for operations within Class C airspace, but operations without radio communications or transponder can be conducted by LOA, facility directive, or special arrangement with Class C airspace controlling facility.
Radio Procedures for Class B AirspaceUnlike Class C airspace, a simple acknowledgement by ATC is not sufficient for you to enter Class B airspace. You must also receive clearance and a unique transponder squawk code to enter.
Before entering Class C airspace, the pilot MUST establish communication with the radar service. Radio contact with radar and/or tower must be maintained when in this airspace. You may request Flight Following Radar Service outside the 10 mile shelf. It may be granted on a workload permitting basis.
The FAA requires ADS-B Out capability in the continental United States, in the ADS-B rule airspace designated by FAR 91.225: Class A, B, and C airspace; Class E airspace at or above 10,000 feet msl, excluding airspace at and below 2,500 feet agl; Within 30 nautical miles of a Class B primary airport (the Mode C veil);
Civil aircraft may be equipped with transponders capable of operating in different modes: Mode A equipment transmits an identifying code only.Mode C equipment enables the ATCO to see the aircraft altitude or flight level automatically.
(In 1957, the English phonetic alphabet changed the R to Romeo, but by that time, Roger was deeply embedded in the minds of pilots.) So, in short, Roger means r which stands for received. The word Roger means nothing more.
The requirements for ADS-B are fairly well set: if you fly within Mode C, Class B or C, above Class B or C airspace up to 10,000 feet, or at altitudes of 10,000 feet or more, the airplane must have an operable ADS-B Out system. But if you do not fly in those areas, you are not required to have ADS-B.
Class E airspace has no requirements for communication when flying VFR. You only have to maintain two-way communication in Class E airspace when flying IFR.
Although radio communications are not required within Class G airspace, when landing at an airport located within this airspace, it is recommended that pilots make position calls starting 10 miles out to help other pilots locate and avoid them.