The red-billed streamertail (Trochilus polytmus ), also known as the doctor bird, scissor-tail or scissors tail hummingbird, is indigenous to Jamaica, where it is the most abundant and widespread member of the hummingbird family.

Jamaica is home to a high number of endemic species, but one of the most unique and recognizable animals found only on the island is the Jamaican Hutia (locally known as the "coney"). The Jamaican Hutia (Geocapromys brownii) is a large, nocturnal, blunt-tailed rodent that resembles a cross between a guinea pig and a small bear; it is the island's only remaining native land mammal. Another spectacular endemic is the Red-billed Streamertail (Trochilus polytmus), also known as the "Doctor Bird," which is the national bird of Jamaica. The male is famous for its shimmering emerald feathers and two long, black streaming tail feathers that make a distinct humming sound in flight. For reptile lovers, the Jamaican Boa (or Yellow Snake) is a large, non-venomous constrictor found nowhere else on Earth. The island also boasts the Jamaican Giant Swallowtail, the largest butterfly in the Americas, which is found only in the remote Blue Mountains and Cockpit Country. In 2026, conservation efforts are heavily focused on protecting these unique creatures from habitat loss and invasive species like the mongoose.