Jamaica's land animals that are protected are; the Jamaican Iguana (Cyclura collei), the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) and the Jamaican Boa (Epicrates subflavus). These three land animals are protected under the Wild Life Protection Act of Jamaica and should not be killed.

Jamaica has a robust list of protected wildlife under the Wildlife Protection Act, with the Jamaican Iguana and the Jamaican Boa (Yellow Snake) being among the most critically safeguarded. The Jamaican Iguana was once thought to be extinct until a small population was rediscovered in the Hellshire Hills in 1990; it is now the subject of intense conservation efforts. Other protected land animals include the Jamaican Hutia (the island's only native land mammal) and several species of sea turtles, including the Green, Hawksbill, and Loggerhead, which nest on Jamaican beaches. In the air, the Red-billed Streamertail (Jamaica's national bird, also known as the "Doctor Bird") and the Giant Swallowtail Butterfly are strictly protected. Marine life also receives significant attention, with the West Indian Manatee and all species of whales and dolphins within Jamaican waters being illegal to harm or hunt. In 2026, the National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA) continues to enforce heavy fines and potential prison time for anyone found trafficking or disturbing these species, reflecting the island's commitment to preserving its unique Caribbean biodiversity.