The general flight phases are divided into: planning phase, takeoff phase, climb phase, cruise phase, descent phase, approach phase, and taxi phase.

The flight of a commercial aircraft is traditionally divided into seven distinct phases, each requiring specific procedures and pilot focus. The first is Pre-flight, which includes the walk-around inspection, fueling, and loading of passengers and cargo. Second is Taxi, where the aircraft moves from the gate to the runway. Third is Takeoff, the critical phase where the engines reach full power and the plane leaves the ground. Fourth is Climb, where the aircraft ascends to its assigned cruising altitude. Fifth is Cruise, the longest part of the journey where the plane maintains a steady altitude and speed for maximum fuel efficiency. Sixth is Descent, where the aircraft begins its controlled glide back toward the destination airport. Finally, the seventh stage is Landing and Taxi-in, which involves the physical touchdown on the runway and the movement back to the gate. In 2026, modern "flight management systems" automate much of the Cruise and Descent phases, but the Takeoff and Landing stages remain the most labor-intensive and safety-critical parts of the journey for the pilots.