What are the advantages of D shaped tunnels?

In a relatively low stress environment, the D-shaped cross section can improve the stability of the tunnel, while it is not conducive to the stability of the tunnel in a high stress environment. The result of this study benefits the design and prevention of spalling and rockburst of hard rock tunnels.



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In tunnel engineering, various tunnel shapes are adopted [3], although the circular tunnel is usually preferred due to convenient construction and function layout requirements.

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Circular tunnels are the most popular shapes in urban underground transportation systems when mechanised tunnelling is used for the tunnel excavation. However, circular tunnels have a small space utilisation ratio.

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