Modern airports Physical facilities include runways, taxiways, aprons, and strips, which are used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, for the maneuvering and positioning of aircraft on the ground, and for the parking of aircraft in order to load and discharge passengers and cargo.

The core functions of an airport in 2026 are divided into Airside and Landside operations, designed to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of passengers, cargo, and aircraft. Landside functions include passenger processing (check-in, security, and immigration), baggage handling, and commercial services (retail and dining). Airside functions focus on aircraft movements, including Air Traffic Control (ATC), ground handling (refueling, cleaning, and catering), and maintenance. Modern airports have also integrated "Digital Facilitation" as a core function, using AI for capacity planning and biometric identity management to reduce "friction" during travel. Beyond transport, airports serve as economic engines and critical logistics hubs for global trade. In 2026, a new core function has emerged: Sustainability Management, where airports manage renewable energy ecosystems (like SAF storage and electric charging stations) to meet global carbon-neutral aviation targets.