What are the effects of backpack loads on school children?

Doctors and physical therapists recommend that kids carry no more than 10% to 20% of their body weight in their packs. But many carry a lot more than that. The weight can pull a child backward, making them bend forward at the hips or arch the back to stay steady.



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Even when worn properly, your student may need to lean forward to compensate for extra backpack weight. This can affect the natural curve in the lower back. Extra weight also can cause a rounding of the shoulders and an increased curve in the upper back.

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Kids can have backaches from lugging around the weight of books, school supplies, and personal items. Doctors and physical therapists recommend that kids carry no more than 10% to 20% of their body weight in their packs.

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By putting a heavy weight on your shoulders in the wrong way, the weight's force can pull you backward. So people who carry heavy backpacks sometimes lean forward. Because of the heavy weight and this unnatural position, they can develop shoulder, neck, and back pain.

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This can have a detrimental impact on the child's spinal development, unless a bag allows for even distribution across the back and a bag can often cause pain or postural problems.

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Wearing a backpack that is too heavy can cause back pain, neck pain, numbness and tingling in the arms and hands, and weakness in the arms and hands. Done repetitively or for long periods of time, this practice can potentially damage the spine and sensitive nerves of the neck and back.

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Pain caused from excessive loads has gained the term “backpack syndrome.” Backpack syndrome causes headaches, neck and back pain, and fatigue. There have been studies examining the effects of carrying backpacks on one shoulder versus both shoulders. Carrying a bag on one shoulder causes significant asymmetries.

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Your chiropractor knows this can result in poor posture and a misaligned spine. The longer a child carries the extra weight he or she may have pain, muscle stiffness, and problems with flexibility and range of motion. Backpack wearing can significantly increase the child's potential for injury.

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It can cause poor posture, compressed discs in the spine, and even curvature of the spine. Straps digging into the muscles of the shoulder were also found not just to irritate the area, but to cause potential damage to the nerves of the hands and arms. These issues aren't just small problems.

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Regular backpackers have packs that weigh about 30 lbs. They're generally newcomers to the hiking hobby, and they have a tendency to overpack. If you're a newcomer going backpacking for the first time, it's a good idea to never exceed 40 lbs and go with an experienced friend or a group of hikers.

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Pack Weight for Backpacking and Hiking A loaded backpacking pack should not weigh more than about 20 percent of your body weight. (If you weigh 150 pounds, your pack should not exceed 30 pounds for backpacking.) A loaded day hiking pack should not weigh more than about 10 percent of your body weight.

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Although backpacks do not cause scoliosis, carrying heavy items can cause other forms of spinal problems. This is usually the case if the backpack is very heavy and the straps are too loose, or when the child leans forward to compensate for the extra weight; thereby causing a misalignment of the spine.

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Seven Tips to Lighten the Strain
  1. Buy a backpack with wide, padded straps to minimize pressure on the shoulders and collarbone.
  2. Carry the pack on both shoulders to spread the weight evenly.
  3. Tighten straps so the bag rests about two inches above the waist.
  4. Bend both knees instead of leaning over when hoisting a heavy bag.


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No matter how well-designed the backpack, less weight is always better. Use the bathroom scale to check that a pack isn't over 10% to 20% of your body weight (for example, if you weigh 120 pounds you shouldn't carry a backpack that weighs more than 12 to 24 pounds).

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Walking outdoors with a weighted backpack builds strength, endurance and clears out the cobwebs. “Rucking” is a form of military training. People are discovering its mental-health benefits, too.

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Some studies recommend only carrying a load of 30% of your bodyweight. Others, however, have reported participants experience discomfort carrying 20% of their bodyweight when exercising for more than an hour. To avoid this when starting out, carry a backpack that's as light as 5-10% bodyweight.

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