What are the key elements of smart tourism?

The principles of smart tourism lie at enhancing tourism experiences, improve the efficiency of resource management, maximize destination competitiveness with an emphasis on sustainable aspects.



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The five vital components of tourism system are Attraction, Accessibility, Accommodation, Amenities and Activities.

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Smart tourism components include smart destinations, smart experiences, and smart business ecosystems; they also collect, exchange, and process data identified as layers of smart travel.

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The tourism components 4As (Accommodation, Access, Amenities and Attractions) are the ones that tourism managers should consider in the development of the destination and ensure that all components are best suited with the quality and requirements of visitors (Haneef, 2017).

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In layman language, in Leiper's model, there are three main elements. In other way they can be called as the main players in tourism system. It is the tourist at first place, at second place it is the geographical features and at third place it is the tourism industry itself.

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Forms of tourism: There are three basic forms of tourism: domestic tourism, inbound tourism, and outbound tourism. These can be combined in various ways to derive the following additional forms of tourism: internal tourism, national tourism and international tourism.

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There are 7 major components of Tourism Marketing: 7A's which are: Attraction, Accommodation, Accessibility, Amenities, Activities, Affinity, Actors, and Acts.

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  • Travel and Tourism. ...
  • Domestic Tourism – Taking Holidays and Trips in your own country. ...
  • Inbound Tourism – Visitors from overseas coming into the country. ...
  • Outbound Tourism –Travelling to a different country for a visit or a. ...
  • Different Types of Travel. ...
  • Leisure Travel - includes travel for holidays, cultural events, recreation.


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The table shows that there are four main motives which arise whatever the travel experience; Novelty Seeking, Escapism/Relaxation, Relationships and Self Development.

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In this vein, a smart tourism ecosystem is a platform for creating, managing and delivering touristic services via technological advancement which leads to information sharing and value creation (Gretzel et al., 2015b).

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There are eight sectors of Tourism:
  • Accommodation.
  • Food & Beverage.
  • Adventure Tourism & Recreation.
  • Transportation.
  • Attractions & Retail.
  • Travel Trade.
  • Events & Conferences.
  • Tourism Services.


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Some show immediate effect while, there are also factors which affect in the long run.
  • Environment at Destination. ...
  • Economy of the Country. ...
  • Historical or Cultural Importance of Destination. ...
  • Research Importance of Destination. ...
  • Religious Importance of Destination. ...
  • Technology.


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The five vital components of tourism system are Attraction, Accessibility, Accommodation, Amenities and Activities.

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These are pillars of tourism explained in details:
  • Accommodation. Accommodation is meant to ensure comfort and a place to rest and sleep when traveling. ...
  • Attractions. Attractions are what draw travelers in. ...
  • Adventure & Recreation. ...
  • Catering facilities. ...
  • Entertainment. ...
  • Events. ...
  • Transportation. ...
  • Travel agencies & Tourism Services.


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Intangibility: you can't hold tourism. Perishability: an unsold plane seat is a lost opportunity to make money. Seasonality: customers may be more or less likely to go somewhere with changing seasons. Interdependence: all sorts of independent companies depend on one another to make a tourist's experience unforgettable.

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There are three basic forms of tourism: domestic tourism, inbound tourism, and outbound tourism. Domestic tourism refers to activities of a visitor within their country of residence and outside of their home (e.g. a Brit visiting other parts of Britain).

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Factors Affecting Destination Choice
  • Size Terms / Attractions. Destination choice models are usually represented with some level of aggregation of the alternatives. ...
  • Distance / Impedance Terms. ...
  • Psychological Boundaries. ...
  • Destination Accessibilities. ...
  • Other Destination Qualities. ...
  • Constants. ...
  • Traveler Attributes.


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There are both positive and negative effects on communities related to the economic impacts of tourism in their communities. A positive impact can refer to the increase in jobs, a higher quality of life for locals, and an increase in wealth of an area.

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The top four sectors consist of; 'Food and Beverage', 'Accommodation', 'Travel and Tourism' and 'Entertainment and Recreation'.

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