What happens if nobody volunteers to get off an overbooked flight?

Sometimes, when an airline asks for volunteers to give up their seats and fly on a different flight, there are not enough volunteers. When this occurs, the airline will select passengers to give up their seats. This is called “involuntary denied boarding” or “bumping.”



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Sometimes, when an airline asks for volunteers to give up their seats and fly on a different flight, there are not enough volunteers. When this occurs, the airline will select passengers to give up their seats. This is called “involuntary denied boarding” or “bumping.”

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Airlines can sell more seats than they have available – as they assume that not all passengers will show up for the flight. If all passengers do show up, some may be denied boarding or “bumped” off the flight.

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Whether you're flying from New York or New Orleans, Lisbon or London, airlines continue overbooking to compensate for “no-shows” all the time. Simply put, they sell more tickets than they have available seats. And it's not an illegal practice.

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Overbooked flight compensation under US regulations
If the airline does not make any substitute travel arrangements for you, you are entitled to 400% of the one-way fare price, not to exceed $1,350 as well as any optional fees paid as part of your reservation (e.g. bag fees, seat upgrades, etc.).

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You can claim compensation directly at the airport, but it's rare that airlines pay the compensation immediately. It's usually best to wait until you've reached your destination and the trip is over to claim both the overbooking compensation and the refund of your additional expenses.

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The DOT requires airlines to ask passengers to volunteer to be bumped in exchange for compensation before beginning to involuntary bump passengers. If you're at the airport and your airline has noted that there aren't enough seats for every ticketed passenger, they'll ask volunteers to take alternative flights instead.

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Frontier Airlines bumped the biggest proportion of passengers of the 15 largest US carriers in early 2023. Of every 10,000 Frontier passengers, 3.73 were involuntarily denied boarding due to oversales, the DOT said. Allegiant, Delta, Endeavor, and Hawaiian didn't bump any passengers in the quarter, per the DOT.

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The status of the passenger in the airline's partners' frequent flyer programs. The fare class. Check-in time. If the passenger has a connecting itinerary, and if so, if the bump would force the passenger to spend the night at the connecting airport.

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Most airlines intentionally overbook flights, selling more tickets than available seats for a journey. They do this in anticipation of people no-showing on the day of the journey, and the practice is not illegal. Travel experts have warned that as many as 150 tickets are sold for every 100 seats available.

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The practice involves the airline asking for volunteers at the gate to give up their seat(s) on a reserved flight in exchange for another, later service, as well as monetary compensation and, sometimes, accommodation. Want answers to more key questions in aviation? Check out the rest of our guides here!

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A: If you get bumped from first class to economy — that's called an involuntary downgrade — you should get a prompt and full refund of the fare difference.

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Usually, airlines decide to bump those on an overbooked flight who have fewer privileges such as lower-fare tickets and late bookings. People who booked earlier or paid more for their ticket will usually get to stay on board. Another deciding factor is the type of ticket that was purchased.

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Voluntary bumping can allow passengers to earn some cash, vouchers for their next flight and compensation for food and local transportation. Passengers can take precautions to avoid involuntary bumps by checking in early and becoming a frequent flyer of an airline.

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Send a demand letter to the airline (also known as an airline complaint letter). File a complaint with the U.S. Department of Transportation. File a complaint with the Better Business Bureau (BBB). File a small claims lawsuit against the airline.

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The DOT does not require the airline to offer compensation, but it doesn't hurt to ask.

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Claiming Compensation for Flight Delays and Cancellations Delayed flights: you may be able to claim compensation if your flight arrived 3 hours or more late. Canceled flights: you may be eligible for compensation if your flight was canceled less than 14 days before it was due to depart.

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It's 400% for over four hour arrival delays with the same $1,550 limit. These are the amounts airlines must pay by law. They can pay more if they choose to. Airlines must offer the compensation at the airport on the same day.

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This is called “denied boarding compensation” or “DBC” for short. Most bumped passengers who experience short delays on flights will receive compensation equal to double the one-way price of the flight they were bumped from, but airlines may limit this amount to up to $775.

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Here's a look at American carriers, starting with the worst for overbooking and descending to the best:
  • Spirit Airlines — 78 IDBs per million passengers.
  • Frontier Airlines — 55.
  • Southwest Airlines — 41.
  • Alaska Airlines — 28.
  • American Airlines — 24.
  • United Airlines — 13.
  • Delta Air Lines — 3.
  • JetBlue Airways — 2.


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