What happens to pressure when flying?

The cabin pressure is not constant - it's allowed to drop as the plane ascends, within safe levels (typically down to the pressure one would find at between 1500 and 2000 meters of altitude). The reason for this is that a pressure difference between inside and outside puts stress on the fuselage.



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The pressure differential varies between aircraft types, typical values are between 540 hPa (7.8 psi) and 650 hPa (9.4 psi).

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If airplanes didn't pressurize their cabins, it could lead to insufficient oxygen as well as related medical problems like hypoxia. Airplanes need pressurized cabins because it ensures passengers, as well as crew members, receive an adequate amount of oxygen in the air they breathe.

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For operations conducted under Parts 121 and 135, the flight crew must use oxygen when cabin altitudes are above 10,000 up to 12,000 feet after 30 minutes and at all times when above 12,000 feet. The general aviation pilot flying an unpressurized airplane will not normally operate above 25,000 feet.

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Low pressures have higher wind speeds than high pressures, but this is only beneficial if the wind is in the direction if flight. If one where to fly in an opposing direction of the wind, the wind will decrease your speed to the deference between you flight speed and the wind speed.

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“There's a plethora of evidence that you go into a relative state of hypoxia [oxygen deficiency] when you're in flight,” said Quigley. The affects, she says, may not be realized by passengers. “One person might feel weepy, another sleepy – hypoxia affects people in different ways.

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The effects of flying on the human body vary from mild skin dryness to more severe problems like deafness. Flying increases the risk of catching a cold, dehydration, aging faster, reduced alertness, increased risk of diseases like cancer, fuzzy thinking, and many others.

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The reason planes cruise at high altitudes is that they burn less fuel and can fly faster, as the air is less dense. At 30,000 feet and higher, it is also possible for aircraft to avoid weather systems, making it more comfortable onboard.

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Passengers must be offered oxygen at 15,000 feet. If you are flying at a pressure altitude of 12,500 feet to 13,999 feet, once you hit the thirty-minute mark, you need to put on that oxygen.

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Most aircraft cabins are pressurized to an altitude of 8,000 feet, called cabin altitude. Aircraft pilots have access to the mode controls of a cabin pressure control system and – if needed – can command the cabin to depressurize.

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As the partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air continues to drop with increasing altitude, signs and symptoms of hypoxia become more evident, and include loss of peripheral vision, skin sensations (numbness, tingling, or hot and cold sensations), cyanosis, euphoria, and eventually unconsciousness at higher altitudes ...

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If the plane is somehow kept pressurized, the cabin pressure is usually equivalent of 6000–8000 ft, which is lower pressure than the outside at sea level. Which means as soon as you unlock the door, it will swing inwards with a lot of force, as air from outside rushes in to re-pressurize the cabin.

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Is it at all even possible for it to just drop? According to my company's training materials, an FAA study in the 1960s of depressurization events in business, airline, and military jet transport aircraft determined that the odds of experiencing cabin depressurization were one in 54300 flight hours.

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