If an airline refuses to issue a refund in 2026, your first step is to verify your eligibility under both the airline's "Conditions of Carriage" and national consumer protection laws, such as the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) rules or EU Regulation 261/2004. If the airline canceled the flight or made a significant schedule change, you are legally entitled to a cash refund to your original payment method, even if you held a non-refundable ticket. If the airline insists on a travel voucher instead, you should firmly cite these regulations in a formal written complaint via their website. Should they still remain uncooperative, you can initiate a credit card chargeback with your bank, providing evidence of the cancellation and the airline's refusal to comply with federal law. Additionally, filing a formal complaint with the DOT's Office of Aviation Consumer Protection is a highly effective way to trigger a regulatory review. For international flights, specialized services or legal advocates can also help mediate, but the "nuclear option" of a bank dispute remains the most direct way to reclaim your funds from a stubborn carrier.