Unfactored landing distances assume precise control; factored landing distances reflect the effects of deviating from an ideal landing profile.
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Factors Affecting Landing DistanceActual landing distance is affected by various operational factors, including: High airport elevation or high density altitude, resulting in increased groundspeed; Runway gradient (i.e., slope); Runway condition (dry, wet or contaminated by standing water, slush, snow or ice);
An increase in rolling resistance serves to shorten our landing roll; a reduction to braking efficiency increases the distance required to bring our aircraft to a stop.
For a predicted dry runway condition the AFM dry distance is factored (multiplied) by 1.67 to achieve the 60% Dry factored landing distance. This longer distance is compared to LDA.
An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.
e.The operational landing distance (OLD) used for a time of arrival landing assessment includes a safety margin of at least 15 percent when based on manual wheel braking.