Use the verb disembark to describe leaving a ship, airplane or other type of vehicle, like making sure you haven't left anything in the plane's overhead compartment before you disembark.
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In most airports, most planes will drive to a gate after landing, such that when you leave the plane you'll be in the airport, and unless it's a very (you probably have to go to the extreme) small airport there will be signs telling you what way to go when you're arriving.
I would say that the most commonly recognized and unspoken form of deplaning etiquette entails going from front to back, row by row. Any passengers with a tight connection should inform the cabin crew of their itineraries as they board in efforts to accommodate speedy exits for them upon arrival.