A battlement is the upper walled part of a castle or fortress.
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Tower (or Keep)The tower is a circular or square building, which was used as a lookout and for defence. The central tower in a motte and bailey castle was known as the keep.
Castle turrets are essentially small towers that were built into medieval castle fortifications, most typically walls and towers. The name 'turret' comes from the Italian torretta, meaning 'little tower', and the Latin word turris meaning 'tower'.
In fortification architecture, a bank or rampart is a length of embankment or wall forming part of the defensive boundary of a castle, hillfort, settlement or other fortified site. It is usually broad-topped and made of excavated earth and/or masonry.
A bailey is the sturdy wall around a castle that keeps invaders out. The bailey of a medieval castle was usually built of stone. You might see a bailey — or the remains of one — if you tour a castle in England or France.