On the train itself are superconducting electromagnets, called bogies. When stopped, the train rests on rubber wheels. To begin motion, the train moves forward slowly on these wheels, allowing the magnets beneath the train to interact with those of the guideway.

The Japanese Shinkansen, or bullet train, runs primarily on electricity delivered through a sophisticated overhead catenary system. In 2026, most lines use a 25,000-volt AC power supply. The trains are "Electric Multiple Units" (EMUs), meaning that unlike a traditional train with a single locomotive at the front, the power is distributed across many motors located on the individual axles of several cars throughout the train. This allows for rapid acceleration and better weight distribution. The "secret" to its speed also lies in the track technology; the lines are built with "standard gauge" (wider than regular Japanese tracks) and use continuous welded rails to eliminate the "click-clack" vibration. Additionally, the trains utilize Automatic Train Control (ATC), a computerized system that manages speed and braking without the need for traditional trackside signals. For the newer Maglev Shinkansen (currently in testing and limited service in 2026), the train is "run" by powerful superconducting magnets that allow it to levitate and propel forward without touching the tracks.