As of March 2026, the Japan Rail (JR) Pass continues to exclude the fastest "Shinkansen" services: the Nozomi on the Tokaido/Sanyo lines and the Mizuho on the Sanyo/Kyushu lines. While you can technically ride these trains if you pay a specific "supplemental" surcharge, they are not covered by the base price of the pass. Additionally, the JR Pass does not cover private (non-JR) railway lines like the Odakyu line to Hakone, the Kintetsu line between Osaka and Nagoya, or the various "Subway" systems (Metro) in Tokyo and Kyoto, which are operated by municipal governments rather than Japan Rail. You are also excluded from "Sleeper Trains" unless you pay an extra berth fee. For 2026 travelers, the most common "hidden" exclusion is the "highway buses" operated by JR; while some local JR buses are included, most long-distance express buses are now separate. Always look for the "JR" logo at the station entrance; if it's missing, your pass will likely be rejected at the ticket gate.