Grand Central Terminal (often mistakenly called Grand Central Station) was built by the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, largely funded by the Vanderbilt family fortune. The project was a massive engineering undertaking that began in 1903 and opened in 1913. Architecturally, it was a collaboration between two firms: Reed & Stem, who were responsible for the functional layout and engineering of the station, and Warren & Wetmore, who added the iconic Beaux-Arts aesthetic details, including the famous celestial ceiling and the "Whispering Gallery." In 2026, the terminal is celebrated not just for its beauty but for the forward-thinking "Grand Central Terminal" concept that pioneered the use of ramps instead of stairs to move large crowds. The chief engineer, William J. Wilgus, is credited with the revolutionary idea of "air rights," which allowed for the electrification of the tracks and the subsequent development of the skyscrapers along Park Avenue. Today, it remains a monument to early 20th-century American industrial power and high-society design.