Funding for California high-speed rail has come from the legislative appropriation of state special funds and from federal competitive grants.
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Amtrak and California's high-speed rail project will receive $US 402m in federal funds. Amtrak has been granted around $US 200m in federal funds for infrastructure improvements.
Kelly acknowledges that the $8-billion goal is “aggressive and rightly so” because California is paying for 84% of the cost so far. “If the national government wants to get a national cleaner, faster electrified rail system, it has to do better than 16%. And so we're going to make that case,” he said.
The interstate highway system cost $129 billion — roughly $290 billion in current dollars — and took 35 years to complete, running from 1957 to 1992. The $1.2 trillion infrastructure bill enacted in 2021 has $102 billion for rail, but none of the money is set aside for high-speed rail.
The latest estimates from the California High-Speed Rail Authority suggest it will cost between $88 billion and $128 billion to complete the entire system from LA to San Francisco.
Inflation and higher construction costs have contributed to the high price tag. The project has spent $9.8 billion so far, according to Brian Kelly, CEO of the California High-Speed Rail Authority. We knew we've had a funding gap ever since the project started, Kelly said.
Funding for California high-speed rail has come from the legislative appropriation of state special funds and from federal competitive grants. No funding comes from traditional state sources, such as the gas taxes or general fund dollars.
Funding for California high-speed rail has come from the legislative appropriation of state special funds and from federal competitive grants. No funding comes from traditional state sources, such as the gas taxes or general fund dollars.
Highways (as well as aviation) became the focus of infrastructure spending, at the expense of rail. This trend has continued, and not the least because highways require continuous maintenance, while the US's growing population demands more lanes and roads to relieve congestion.
This chart displays the Breakeven Analysis on Phase 1 of the high-speed rail system assuming the horizon year of 2040, showing a 99.4 percent probability that Phase 1 would be profitable between $0 to $5.7 billion and a 0.6 percent chance of deficit between $220 million and 0.
Social BenefitsIn addition to sprawl, a large country like the United States often has vast distances between populated areas. High-speed rail reduces the travelling distance between far flung suburbs and center cities. High-speed rail can also help to ease congestion of urban areas with mega-large populations.
CALIFORNIA HIGH-SPEED RAIL WILL fundamentally transform how people move around the state, spur economic growth, create a cleaner environment, and preserve agricultural lands and natural habitat – and it has already created thousands of good-paying jobs.
Between 1949 and 2017, the federal government invested only $10 billion in high-speed rail with $4 billion of that dedicated to the California project, compared to investments of $777 billion in aviation and over $2 trillion in highways. The federal government can't expect transformative results with piecemeal funding.
China's 'Hidden Debt'Accordingly, a 30,000-kilometer expansion will cost about 3.6 trillion yuan. China Railway sells bonds to state-owned banks and brokerages to pay the costs.
From a financial standpoint, only two HSR lines in the world are profitable: Paris-Lyon in France and Tokyo-Osaka in Japan. A third line, Hakata-Osaka in Japan, breaks even. The majority of high-speed rail lines require large government subsidies from both general taxpayers and drivers.
In 2021, Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Co., Ltd.earned a total net profit of 4.8 billion yuan, an increase of more than 49 percent from the previous year. Established in Beijing in 2007, it is the only railroad company in China that introduces social cash investors and Sino-foreign cooperative operations.
Length of highspeed railway lines in use worldwide in 2021, by country. As of 2021, China had by far the longest highspeed railway network in the world with almost 40,500 kilometers of highspeed rail lines; the country was followed by Spain and Japan, both with more than 3,000 kilometers of highspeed rail each.