Why do most countries use different railway gauges?

If locomotives were imported from elsewhere, especially in the early days, the track would be built to fit them. In some cases standard gauge was adopted, but many countries or companies chose a different gauge as their national gauge, either by governmental policy, or as a matter of individual choice.



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It mandated the track gauge with a width of 1435 mm to be the standard for Great Britain. At that time, the UK was the only one capable of exporting railway rolling stock. As a result, the vast majority of railways in Europe adopted the 1435mm gauge.

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If locomotives were imported from elsewhere, especially in the early days, the track would be built to fit them. In some cases standard gauge was adopted, but many countries or companies chose a different gauge as their national gauge, either by governmental policy, or as a matter of individual choice.

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Germany has rail links with the following countries. All are to countries of the same gauge (1435 mm), although electrification (15 kV AC 16.7 Hz) and other systems such as signalling may differ.

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Japan's topographical features permitted more gradual curves than in Norway, perhaps explaining why the 3'6 gauge was chosen over other even narrower gauges. Edmund Morel (1841–71), a British engineer hired by the Japanese government, conferred with Inoue and it is likely that these two men agreed on 3'6.

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The gauge, know as “standard gauge” (4' 8.5?) is standard throughout much of Europe, though the US and Russia use wider gauges. Many former colonial countries use a narrower 3'6? gauge, however.

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In the 19th century, each of the colonies of Australia adopted their own gauges. The three gauges of the Australian railway network as of 2022. With Federation in 1901 and the removal of trade barriers, the short sightedness of three gauges became apparent.

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Broad gauge of 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in), commonly known as Indian gauge, is the dominant track gauge in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) in the San Francisco Bay Area. This is the widest gauge in common use anywhere in the world.

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Essentially it has to do with history. Rail tunnels in the uk vary in sizes due to different builders and standards throughout history. This means that their loading gauge (how high off the tracks) needs to fit these tunnels. To maintain space in the coaches they adopted a pear like shape.

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The speed record for 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge rail is 245 km/h (152 mph), set in South Africa in 1978. A special 2 ft (610 mm) gauge railcar was built for the Otavi Mining and Railway Company with a design speed of 137 km/h (85 mph).

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The standard Russian railway gauge of 1,524 mm quickly spread throughout the Russian Empire, reached Warsaw, Vladivostok, Murmansk, and Baku.

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The rail network of Switzerland is one of the densest and spectacular in the world. It covers a total length of 5063 km of lines with 3652 km on international gauge 1435 mm, 1312 km on metre gauge and 68.5 km of 800 mm or 750 mm gauge.

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