Why do passengers in a moving train suddenly feel a jerk in the forward direction when the train stops abruptly?
This is due to inertia. When the speeding bus stops suddenly, lower part of the body comes to rest while the upper part of the body tends to maintain uniform motion. Hence, the passenger's are thrown forward.
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Nearly always it's for operational reasons - a signal at danger (train ahead or converging at a junction on the other route) or if on a single track line, the train may have entered a crossing loop and is scheduled to pass another train heading in the opposite direction.
Automatic train stop or ATS is a system on a train that automatically stops a train if certain situations occur (unresponsive train operator, earthquake, disconnected rail, train running over a stop signal, etc.) to prevent accidents. In some scenarios it functions as a type of dead man's switch.
While modern trains won't litter the tracks with human excrement, the traditional method did just that. This is what was known as a hopper toilet. It could either be a simple hole in the floor (also known as a drop chute toilet) or a full-flush system.
The average freight train is about 1 to 1¼ miles in length (90 to 120 rail cars). When it's moving at 55 miles an hour, it can take a mile or more to stop after the locomotive engineer fully applies the emergency brake. An 8-car passenger train moving at 80 miles an hour needs about a mile to stop.
Trains are Reliable and Stress FreeWith high-speed rail, train travel is always faster than driving. In many cases, it's even faster than flying, once you factor in the whole air travel song-and-dance.