Yes, high-speed trains can derail, though it is an exceptionally rare occurrence due to the intense engineering and safety protocols built into modern rail networks. In 2026, high-speed rail remains statistically one of the safest modes of transportation on Earth. Derailments at high speeds (above 200 km/h) are usually caused by catastrophic external factors such as massive landslides, severe earthquakes, or structural failure of a bridge or tunnel. Modern trains, like the Shinkansen in Japan or the TGV in France, utilize "train-protection systems" (like ETCS Level 2 or 3) that automatically slow or stop the train if an anomaly is detected on the track. Some high-speed trains are also designed with "articulated" bogies (where the wheel set is shared between two carriages), which helps keep the train in a straight line and prevents "jackknifing" if a wheel does leave the rail. While high-profile accidents like the 2013 Santiago de Compostela crash or the 1998 Eschede disaster remind the world of the risks, the 2026 reality is that multiple layers of digital monitoring and physical track inspections make a high-speed derailment significantly less likely than an accident in a passenger car or even a traditional regional train.