“It's true that for Part 91 pilots Obstacle Departure Procedures, or ODPs, are not mandatory. However, when flown correctly, ODPs ensure terrain and obstacle clearance.
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It lists eleven exempted operations allowing a commercial pilot to operate under Part 91. Those include flight instruction, skydiving flights, banner towing, and air tours which begin and end at the same airport and remain within a 25-statute-mile radius.
Whether you're flying a Cessna 182 or a Boeing 777, you have to comply with these rules. However, Part 91 rules are non-commercial; they generally don't contemplate that any compensation, or even reimbursement, will be paid for carriage of passengers or cargo.
In Part 91 operations, a pilot can fly an aircraft for days without breaks.In Part 135 operations, pilots follow strict rest requirements between flight sessions as an added safety measure. Pilot qualifications: Part 135 operations regulations impose higher standards for pilot qualifications than Part 91 operations.
An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.
Pilots operating under 14 CFR Part 91 are strongly encouraged to file and fly a DP at night, during marginal Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) and Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC), when one is available.
Crew members who are 65 and older may act as PIC of an aircraft conducting Part 91 operations on international flights. For commercial operations (i.e., those conducted for renumeration or hire, including Part 135 flying), an aviator in a single-pilot operation may not be 60 years or older.
In the U.S., there are no FAA age limits for pilots except for commercial airline pilots employed by airlines certificated under 14 CFR Part 121. These airlines cannot employ pilots after they reach the age of 65. However, these pilots may stay on with a Part 121 carrier in some other role, such as flight engineer.
The 40:1 obstacle identification surface (OIS) begins at the departure end of runway (DER) and slopes upward at 152 FPNM until reaching the minimum IFR altitude or entering the en route structure.