Where are takeoff minimums?

The easiest way to find if an airport has takeoff minimums is to look at an approach chart. On the FAA charts, you will see a black triangle with “T” in it which is often called the “troubled T.” It's troubling because there is something, most likely terrain, keeping pilots from executing a leisurely climb.



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(1) For day operations—1,000-foot ceiling and one-mile visibility. (2) For night operations—1,000-foot ceiling and two-mile visibility.

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It states that for each degree off (or displacement) over a distance of 60 nautical miles (NM), it will result in 1 NM off course.

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If there are no applicable runway-specific limitations, the standard takeoff minimum under Part 135 for aircraft with one or two engines is one statute mile.

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Takeoff Alternate Required If weather above takeoff minimums but below authorized IFR landing minimums must have an alternate airport within 1 hour's flying time (at normal cruise speed in still air) of the departure airport.

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The lowest routinely used takeoff visibility minimum is 600 feet RVR, which is about one-tenth of a mile. Pretty low. It's the lowest visibility typically used in simulator training for taxi and takeoff practice.

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To serve as a first officer in Part 121 (airline) operations:
  • Be at least 21 years old.
  • Hold an Air Transport Pilot (ATP) certificate or an ATP certificate with restricted privileges (R-ATP) (both include instrument rating qualification)
  • An appropriate aircraft type rating.
  • At least a second-class medical certificate.


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(d) No pilot may fly more than 32 hours during any seven consecutive days, and each pilot must be relieved from all duty for at least 24 consecutive hours at least once during any seven consecutive days.

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(1) A rest required under paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be scheduled for or reduced to a minimum of 8 hours if the flight crewmember is given a rest period of at least 10 hours that must begin no later than 24 hours after the commencement of the reduced rest period.

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A pilot holding a Private Pilot License (PPL) must fly in VFR conditions. IFR stands for “Instrument Flight Rules” and allows a pilot who is Instrument Rated (IR) to operate an aircraft by relying almost solely on instruments. Once a pilot holds a PPL, the next step is to be Instrument Rated (IR).

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The most common example of needing to use instruments is flying through clouds or IMC conditions. IMC, or Instrument Meteorological conditions, is weather that require the use of instruments, typically cloudy or low visibility. That means pilots using IFR clearances can fly without ever seeing the ground.

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An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.

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In aviation, the rule of three or 3:1 rule of descent is a rule of thumb that 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) of travel should be allowed for every 1,000 feet (300 m) of descent.

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Runway Slope FAA utility airport design standards allow maximum grades of up to 2 percent, or about 1.2 degrees of slope.

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