Becoming a fully licensed Air Traffic Controller in the UK through NATS generally takes between 2 and 3 years from the start of training. The journey begins with Initial Training at a college (such as the NATS CTC in Whiteley or Global ATS in Gloucestershire), which lasts roughly 12 to 18 months. During this phase, trainees learn theory and practice on high-tech simulators to earn their Student Air Traffic Control license. After college, trainees are posted to an operational unit (an airport tower or control center) for "On-the-Job Training" (OJT). This final phase typically takes another 12 to 18 months as the trainee works under supervision to "validate" on specific sectors or airspaces. Only after successful validation is a full license issued, allowing the controller to work independently. The entire process is rigorous, with frequent assessments and a high standard for safety and precision.